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I Got 5 On It Luniz Instrumental
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I Got 5 on It is a song by American hip hop duo Luniz. It was released in May 1995 as the lead single from their debut album, Operation Stackola. It features vocal contributions from R&B singer Michael Marshall. The song reached number 2 in Germany, number 3 in the United Kingdom and number 8 in the United States. The single was certified Platinum by the RIAA on October 31, 1995 and sold one million copies domestically.
Rhythm and blues, abbreviated as R&B, is a genre of popular music that originated in African American communities in the 1940s. The term was originally used by record companies to describe recordings marketed predominantly to urban African Americans, at a time when “urbane, rocking, jazz based music with a heavy, insistent beat” was becoming more popular. In the commercial rhythm and blues music typical of the 1950s through the 1970s, the bands usually consisted of piano, one or two guitars, bass, drums, one or more saxophones, and sometimes background vocalists. R&B lyrical themes often encapsulate the African-American experience of pain and the quest for freedom and joy, as well as triumphs and failures in terms of relationships, economics, and aspirations.
The term “rhythm and blues” has undergone a number of shifts in meaning. In the early 1950s, it was frequently applied to blues records.[4] Starting in the mid-1950s, after this style of music contributed to the development of rock and roll, the term “R&B” became used to refer to music styles that developed from and incorporated electric blues, as well as gospel and soul music. In the 1960s, several British rock bands such as the Rolling Stones, the Who and the Animals were referred to and promoted as being R&B bands; posters for the Who’s residency at the Marquee Club in 1964 contained the slogan, “Maximum R&B”. Their mix of rock and roll and R&B is now known as “British rhythm and blues”. By the 1970s, the term “rhythm and blues” changed again and was used as a blanket term for soul and funk. In the 1980s, a newer style of R&B developed, becoming known as “contemporary R&B”. It combines rhythm and blues with elements of pop, soul, funk, disco, hip hop, and electronic music. Popular R&B vocalists at the end of the 20th century included Prince, R. Kelly, Stevie Wonder,[6] Chaka Khan, Michael Jackson, Whitney Houston, and Mariah Carey. In the 21st century, R&B has remained a popular genre, becoming more pop-oriented and alternative-influenced, with successful artists including Rihanna, Chris Brown, Ne-Yo, Bruno Mars, SZA, Robin Thicke, and The Weeknd. I Got 5 On It Luniz Instrumental
Although Jerry Wexler of Billboard magazine is credited with coining the term “rhythm and blues” as a musical term in the United States in 1948, the term was used in Billboard as early as 1943.[ It replaced the term “race music”, which originally came from within the black community, but was deemed offensive in the postwar world.The term “rhythm and blues” was used by Billboard in its chart listings from June 1949 until August 1969, when its “Hot Rhythm & Blues Singles” chart was renamed as “Best Selling Soul Singles”. Before the “Rhythm and Blues” name was instated, various record companies had already begun replacing the term “race music” with “sepia series”.
Writer and producer Robert Palmer defined rhythm & blues as “a catchall term referring to any music that was made by and for black Americans”. He has used the term “R&B” as a synonym for jump blues. However, AllMusic separates it from jump blues because of R&B’s stronger gospel influences. Lawrence Cohn, author of Nothing but the Blues, writes that “rhythm and blues” was an umbrella term invented for industry convenience. According to him, the term embraced all black music except classical music and religious music, unless a gospel song sold enough to break into the charts. Well into the 21st century, the term R&B continues in use (in some contexts) to categorize music made by black musicians, as distinct from styles of music made by other musicians. I Got 5 On It Luniz Instrumental
In the commercial rhythm and blues music typical of the 1950s through the 1970s, the bands usually consisted of piano, one or two guitars, bass, drums, and saxophone. Arrangements were rehearsed to the point of effortlessness and were sometimes accompanied by background vocalists. Simple repetitive parts mesh, creating momentum and rhythmic interplay producing mellow, lilting, and often hypnotic textures while calling attention to no individual sound. While singers are emotionally engaged with the lyrics, often intensely so, they remain cool, relaxed, and in control. The bands dressed in suits, and even uniforms, a practice associated with the modern popular music that rhythm and blues performers aspired to dominate. Lyrics often seemed fatalistic, and the music typically followed predictable patterns of chords and structure. I Got 5 On It Luniz Instrumental
Louis Jordan in New York City, c. July 1946 (William P. Gottlieb 04721).
The migration of African Americans to the urban industrial centers of Chicago, Detroit, New York City, Los Angeles and elsewhere in the 1920s and 1930s created a new market for jazz, blues, and related genres of music. These genres of music were often performed by full-time musicians, either working alone or in small groups. The precursors of rhythm and blues came from jazz and blues, which overlapped in the late-1920s and 1930s through the work of musicians such as the Harlem Hamfats, with their 1936 hit “Oh Red”, as well as Lonnie Johnson, Leroy Carr, Cab Calloway, Count Basie, and T-Bone Walker. There was also increasing emphasis on the electric guitar as a lead instrument, as well as the piano and saxophone. I Got 5 On It Luniz Instrumental
In 1948, RCA Victor was marketing black music under the name “Blues and Rhythm”. In that year, Louis Jordan dominated the top five listings of the R&B charts with three songs, and two of the top five songs were based on the boogie-woogie rhythms that had come to prominence during the 1940s.[21] Jordan’s band, the Tympany Five (formed in 1938), consisted of him on saxophone and vocals, along with musicians on trumpet, tenor saxophone, piano, bass and drums.[22][23] Lawrence Cohn described the music as “grittier than his boogie-era jazz-tinged blues”. Robert Palmer described it as “urbane, rocking, jazz-based music with a heavy, insistent beat”.[2] Jordan’s music, along with that of Big Joe Turner, Roy Brown, Billy Wright, and Wynonie Harris, is now also referred to as jump blues. Already Paul Gayten, Roy Brown, and others had had hits in the style now referred to as rhythm and blues. In 1948, Wynonie Harris’ remake of Brown’s 1947 recording “Good Rockin’ Tonight” reached number two on the charts, following band leader Sonny Thompson’s “Long Gone” at number one. I Got 5 On It Luniz Instrumental
In 1949, the term “Rhythm and Blues” replaced the Billboard category Harlem Hit Parade. Also in that year, “The Huckle-Buck”, recorded by band leader and saxophonist Paul Williams, was the number one R&B tune, remaining on top of the charts for nearly the entire year. Written by musician and arranger Andy Gibson, the song was described as a “dirty boogie” because it was risque and raunchy.[26] Paul Williams and His Hucklebuckers’ concerts were sweaty riotous affairs that got shut down on more than one occasion. Their lyrics, by Roy Alfred (who later co-wrote the 1955 hit “(The) Rock and Roll Waltz”), were mildly sexually suggestive, and one teenager from Philadelphia said “That Hucklebuck was a very nasty dance”. Also in 1949, a new version of a 1920s blues song, “Ain’t Nobody’s Business” was a number four hit for Jimmy Witherspoon, and Louis Jordan and the Tympany Five once again made the top five with “Saturday Night Fish Fry”. Many of these hit records were issued on new independent record labels, such as Savoy (founded 1942), King (founded 1943), Imperial (founded 1945), Specialty (founded 1946), Chess (founded 1947), and Atlantic (founded 1948).
African American music began incorporating Afro-Cuban rhythmic motifs in the 1800s with the popularity of the Cuban contradanza (known outside of Cuba as the habanera). The habanera rhythm can be thought of as a combination of tresillo and the backbeat.
The habanera rhythm shown as tresillo (lower notes) with the backbeat (upper note). I Got 5 On It Luniz Instrumental
For the more than a quarter-century in which the cakewalk, ragtime and proto-jazz were forming and developing, the Cuban genre habanera exerted a constant presence in African American popular music. Jazz pioneer Jelly Roll Morton considered the tresillo/habanera rhythm (which he called the Spanish tinge) to be an essential ingredient of jazz. There are examples of tresillo-like rhythms in some African American folk music such as the hand-clapping and foot-stomping patterns in ring shout, post-Civil War drum and fife music, and New Orleans second line music. Wynton Marsalis considers tresillo to be the New Orleans “clave” (although technically, the pattern is only half a clave). Tresillo is the most basic duple-pulse rhythmic cell in Sub-Saharan African music traditions, and its use in African American music is one of the clearest examples of African rhythmic retention in the United States.[35] The use of tresillo was continuously reinforced by the consecutive waves of Cuban music, which were adopted into North American popular culture. In 1940 Bob Zurke released “Rhumboogie,” a boogie-woogie with a tresillo bass line, and lyrics proudly declaring the adoption of Cuban rhythm
Harlem’s got a new rhythm, man it’s burning up the dance floors because it’s so hot! They took a little rhumba rhythm and added boogie-woogie and now look what they got! Rhumboogie, it’s Harlem’s new creation with the Cuban syncopation, it’s the killer! Just plant your both feet on each side. Let both your hips and shoulder glide. Then throw your body back and ride. There’s nothing like rhumbaoogie, rhumboogie, boogie-woogie. In Harlem or Havana, you can kiss the old Savannah. It’s a killer!
Although originating in the metropolis at the mouth of the Mississippi River, New Orleans blues, with its Afro-Caribbean rhythmic traits, is distinct from the sound of the Mississippi Delta blues. In the late 1940s, New Orleans musicians were especially receptive to Cuban influences precisely at the time when R&B was first forming. The first use of tresillo in R&B occurred in New Orleans. Robert Palmer recallsI Got 5 On It Luniz Instrumental
New Orleans producer-bandleader Dave Bartholomew first employed this figure (as a saxophone-section riff) on his own 1949 disc “Country Boy” and subsequently helped make it the most over-used rhythmic pattern in 1950s rock ‘n’ roll. On numerous recordings by Fats Domino, Little Richard and others, Bartholomew assigned this repeating three-note pattern not just to the string bass, but also to electric guitars and even baritone sax, making for a very heavy bottom. He recalls first hearing the figure – as a bass pattern on a Cuban disc.In a 1988 interview with Palmer, Bartholomew (who had the first R&B studio band), revealed how he initially superimposed tresillo over swing rhythm: I Got 5 On It Luniz Instrumental
I heard the bass playing that part on a ‘rumba’ record. On ‘Country Boy’ I had my bass and drums playing a straight swing rhythm and wrote out that ‘rumba’ bass part for the saxes to play on top of the swing rhythm. Later, especially after rock ‘n’ roll came along, I made the ‘rumba’ bass part heavier and heavier. I’d have the string bass, an electric guitar and a baritone all in unison.
Bartholomew referred to the Cuban son by the misnomer rumba, a common practice of that time. Fats Domino’s “Blue Monday,” produced by Bartholomew, is another example of this now classic use of tresillo in R&B. Bartholomew’s 1949 tresillo-based “Oh Cubanas” is an attempt to blend African American and Afro-Cuban music. The word mambo, larger than any of the other text, is placed prominently on the record label. In his composition “Misery,” New Orleans pianist Professor Longhair plays a habanera-like figure in his left hand.The deft use of triplets is a characteristic of Longhair’s style.
Gerhard Kubik notes that with the exception of New Orleans, early blues lacked complex polyrhythms, and there was a “very specific absence of asymmetric time-line patterns (key patterns) in virtually all early-twentieth-century African American music … only in some New Orleans genres does a hint of simple time line patterns occasionally appear in the form of transient so-called ‘stomp’ patterns or stop-time chorus. These do not function in the same way as African timelines.”[42] In the late 1940s, this changed somewhat when the two-celled time line structure was brought into the blues. New Orleans musicians such as Bartholomew and Longhair incorporated Cuban instruments, as well as the clave pattern and related two-celled figures in songs such as “Carnival Day,” (Bartholomew 1949) and “Mardi Gras In New Orleans” (Longhair 1949). While some of these early experiments were awkward fusions, the Afro-Cuban elements were eventually integrated fully into the New Orleans sound. I Got 5 On It Luniz Instrumental
Robert Palmer reports that, in the 1940s, Professor Longhair listened to and played with musicians from the islands and “fell under the spell of Perez Prado’s mambo records.” He was especially enamored with Afro-Cuban music. Michael Campbell states: “Professor Longhair’s influence was … far-reaching. In several of his early recordings, Professor Longhair blended Afro-Cuban rhythms with rhythm and blues. The most explicit is ‘Longhair’s Blues Rhumba,’ where he overlays a straightforward blues with a clave rhythm.”[44] Longhair’s particular style was known locally as rumba-boogie. In his “Mardi Gras in New Orleans,” the pianist employs the 2–3 clave onbeat/offbeat motif in a rumba boogie “guajeo”.
Piano excerpt from the rumba boogie “Mardi Gras in New Orleans” (1949) by Professor Longhair. 2–3 claves are written above for rhythmic reference. I Got 5 On It Luniz Instrumental
The syncopated, but straight subdivision feel of Cuban music (as opposed to swung subdivisions) took root in New Orleans R&B during this time. Alexander Stewart states that the popular feel was passed along from “New Orleans—through James Brown’s music, to the popular music of the 1970s,” adding: “The singular style of rhythm & blues that emerged from New Orleans in the years after World War II played an important role in the development of funk. In a related development, the underlying rhythms of American popular music underwent a basic, yet the generally unacknowledged transition from triplet or shuffle feel to even or straight eighth notes.Concerning the various funk motifs, Stewart states that this model “… is different from a time line (such as clave and tresillo) in that it is not an exact pattern, but more of a loose organizing principle.”
Johnny Otis released the R&B mambo “Mambo Boogie” in January 1951, featuring congas, maracas, claves, and mambo saxophone guajeos in a blues progression. Ike Turner recorded “Cubano Jump” (1954) an electric guitar instrumental, which is built around several 2–3 clave figures, adopted from the mambo. The Hawketts, in “Mardi Gras Mambo” (1955) (featuring the vocals of a young Art Neville), make a clear reference to Perez Prado in their use of his trademark “Unhh!” in the break after the introduction.
Ned Sublette states: “The electric blues cats were very well aware of Latin music, and there was definitely such a thing as rhumba blues; you can hear Muddy Waters and Howlin’ Wolf playing it.” He also cites Otis Rush, Ike Turner and Ray Charles, as R&B artists who employed this feel.
The use of clave in R&B coincided with the growing dominance of the backbeat, and the rising popularity of Cuban music in the U.S. In a sense, clave can be distilled down to tresillo (three-side) answered by the backbeat (two-side).